Nonnative be like native speakers: The phonological processes of characters’ English pronunciation in Black Panther movie
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the English phonological process of characters’ pronunciation while pronouncing the English words in the Black Panther movie. The characters of this movie used the dialect of isiXhosa which is spoken widely in Southern Africa when speaking English. The characters developed the English or they signed phonological disorder. This study was researched qualitatively by using Lass’ theory of phonological process. This study is concerned with assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, and insertion. The result of this study identified that regressive assimilation, progressive assimilation, reciprocal assimilation, aphaeresis, syncopation, apocopation, prothesis, and epenthesis existed. Paragoge and dissimilation were not developed. Aphaeresis showed the highest number of occurrences. Mostly the phonemes arose in /h/ /ɾ/ /j/ /k/ /d/ /t/ /n/, /ð/, /θ/, and /æ/, /ɜ:/, /ə/. /ɾ/ was produced with quick and strong vibration in a syllable, and it was solely deleted in the coda of a syllable, /h/ was deleted by other consonant, the mutual consonants /t/ and /j/ created /ʧ/ and /d/ and /j/ created /dʒ/, /ð/ and /θ/ converted to /d/ and /t/, and schwa converted to /ʌ/. Aphaeresis deletion constructed English contraction. Some phonological process phenomena did not corroborate the Lass’ theory. The phonological process occurred in non-native English speakers due to the influence of L1 pronunciation on L2 pronunciation.
Full text article
References
Afrifa-Yamoah, D., Kyei, E., Adubofour, I., & Sarpong, F. (2021). Challenges students encounter in their study of pronunciation in Ghana: A case of Osei Kyeretwie Senior High School. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2(2), 120–126. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i02.0082
Ambalegin, A. (2021). Phonological analysis of English consonants pronunciation. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, 5(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v5i1.2341
Ambalegin, A., & Arianto, T. (2018). English vowels and consonants mispronunciation of the seventh president of republic of Indonesia in his official English speeches and its influencing factors. Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching, 2(2), 111–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30743/ll.v2i2.678
Ambalegin, A., & Arianto, T. (2020). Segmental phonemic system of Riau Malay subdialect Kepulauan as local knowledge in Batam. EduLite: Journal of English Education, 5(1), 159–175. https://doi.org/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.5.1.159-175
Ambalegin, A., & Arianto, T. (2019). A phonology-based study: English pronunciation inconsistency. The 2nd Annual International Conference on Language and Literature (AICLL 2019), 106–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i19.4834
Ambalegin, A., & Hulu, F. (2019). EFL learners’ phonological interference of English articulation. Jurnal Basis UPB, 6(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33884/basisupb.v6i2.1415.
Bailey, G. (2020). Insertion and deletion in Northern English (ng): Innovation in the life cycle of phonological processes. Journal of Linguistics, 57(3), 465–497. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1017/S0022226720000365
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design (4th ed.). Sage Publication Inc.
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (Second Edi). Cambridge University Press.
Dawood, H. S. A., & Atawneh, A. (2015). Assimilation of consonants in English and assimilation of the definite article in Arabic. American Research Journal of English and Literature, 1(4), 9–15.
Diani, I., & Azwandi, A. (2021). Phonological change processes of English and Indonesian Language. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 6(1), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i1.13642
Fasold, R., & Connor-Linton, J. (2006). An introduction to language and linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
Finegan, E. (2015). Language; Its structure and use (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Fitriah, S. (2020). The phonology of East Java dialect. BATRA, 6(1), 47–53. https://ojs.badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/jurnal/index.php/batra/article/view/2312
Gustina, L., Nadra, & Marnita, R. (2018). Phonological variation in Serawai Language that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese in Kota Manna, South Bengkulu. Jurnal Arbriter, 5(5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.5.1.8-16.2018
Hajimohammad, M., Alinezhad, B., & Rafiei, A. (2020). Total assimilation in Persian phonology: A modified contrastive specification account. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation (IJLLT), 3(9), 250–259. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.9.26
Hall, N. (2011). Vowel Epenthesis. In Phonological process (1st ed., pp. 1576–1596). Wiley online library. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444335262.wbctp0067
Hancock, M. (2003). English pronunciation in use: Self-study and classroom use. Cambridge University Press.
Hassan, E. M. I. (2014). Pronunciation Problems: A Case Study of English Language Students at Sudan University of Science and Technology. English Language and Literature Studies, 4(4), 31–44. https://doi.org/105539/ells.v4n4p31
Jaradat, M. M. (2019). Epenthesis in Jerash Fallaahi Dialect: An autosegmental analysis. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 7(9), 43-59. https://ijlass.org/vol-7-no-9-october-2019/
Junawaroh, S. (2010). Inovasi fonetis dalam Bahasa Sunda di kabupaten Brebes. Seminar Nasional Pemertahanan Bahasa Nusantara , 101–109.
Kreidler, C. W. (1993). The pronunciation of English; A course book in Phonology (5th ed.). Blackwell Publishers.
Leung, C. B., & Brice, A. E. (2012). An Analysis of phonological processes involved in spoken English of Hong Kong Primary Pre-service teachers. Language Testing in Asia, 2(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/2229-0443-2-2-42
Macharia, M. (2013). The phonological basis of misspellings in the written English of Kikuyu speakers. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 4(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-9440
Manuel, P. H. E. (2017). The impact of Bantu languages on English pronunciation. US-China Education Review, 7(7), 345–351. https://doi.org/DOI:10.17265/2161-6248/2017.07.003
Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2018). Qualitative Research in Practice (2nd ed.). y Jossey-Bass A Wiley Brand.
Obied, I. M. (2015). Phonologocal rules. https://doi.org/DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2516.7448
Pizzello, C. (2018). The language of “Black Panther”? It’s real. Give it a try. MPRNEWS. https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/02/23/the-language-in-black-panther-is-real
Pranoto, M. S. (2018). Analisis frekuensi, durasi dan intensitas suara laki-laki dan perempuan Jawa menggunakan perangkat lunak PRAA. Lingua UNNES, 15(2), 190–199.
Suarka, I. N., & Bawa, A. A. G. (2018). Fonologi Bahasa Jawa Kuno. Yogyakarta: Dwi Cipta Mediatama.
Sudaryanto, S. (2015). Metode dan aneka teknik analisis bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. L. (2016). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
VanderStouwe, C. (2009). A phonetic and phonological report on the Xhosa Language. https://www.academia.edu/1080403/A_Phonetic_and_Phonological_Report_on_Xhosa
Wardani, N. A., & Suwartono, T. (2019). Javanese language interference in the pronunciation of English phonemes. CELTIC: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature & Linguistics, 6(2), 14–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v6i2.8589
Yule, G. (2014). The study of language (5th ed., Issue 1). Cambridge University Press.
Zulfadhli, M., Farokhah, L., & Abidin, Z. (2021). Analisis Gurindam Dua Belas karya Raja Ali Aji ditinjau dari aspek sintaksis. GERAM (GERAKAN AKTIF MENULIS), 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.25299/geram.2021.vol9(1).6868